The History of Les Saintes: Dive into its Cultural and Historical Heritage
When you think of the archipelago of Les Saintes, south of Guadeloupe, you immediately picture white sandy beaches lined with coconut trees, turquoise waters, and a peaceful atmosphere perfect for relaxation.
While Les Saintes may look like a tropical postcard, its two main islands — Terre-de-Haut and Terre-de-Bas — also boast a rich historical and cultural heritage. Discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493, these islands were not colonized by France until 1648, when humble settlers from Brittany, Normandy, Vendée, and Charente-Maritime arrived. This centuries-old human presence can be experienced through the islands’ forts, churches, colorful villages, and local craftsmanship.
Les Saintes are not just a natural gem, but also a living testimony to Caribbean history. So, what are the main historical sites to visit in Les Saintes? And why should you visit Fort Napoléon?
1. The Must-See of Les Saintes: Fort Napoléon
Fort Napoléon, built on Morne Mire in Terre-de-Haut, is one of the historical emblems of Les Saintes. Perched more than 110 meters above sea level, it overlooks the village of Terre-de-Haut and offers a breathtaking 360° panoramic view of the Bay of Les Saintes.
The fort was erected on the site of an earlier structure known as Fort Louis, built between 1777 and 1779 to defend the harbor of Terre-de-Haut. It was renamed Fort Napoléon in 1805, shortly before being destroyed by the British. After the archipelago was returned to France, the fort was rebuilt on the ruins of the old fortification, following the Vauban-style architecture. Fort Napoléon was designated a Historic Monument on December 15, 1997.
Visit the Fort Napoléon Museum to learn about the fort’s history and that of the archipelago. Upstairs, you’ll find models depicting the Battles of Les Saintes, as well as exhibits on navigation, military, and fishing techniques. Old postcards and photographs bring the fort’s rich past to life, while detailed information about the archipelago’s biodiversity adds an environmental dimension to the visit. Note that the museum is open every day from 9:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. only.
Don’t miss a stroll through the botanical garden surrounding the fort, filled with succulent plants among which iguanas roam freely.
Fort Napoléon is easily accessible from the village of Terre-de-Haut — about a 20-minute walk. This is a visit not to be missed!
2. Other Historical Sites in Les Saintes
Terre-de-Haut is home to another fort, Fort Caroline, located 136 meters above sea level on Morne Morel. This former defensive post was used to spot enemy fleets up until the 19th century. You can reach it via a hiking trail starting from Marigot Bay Beach. Along the way, you’ll be rewarded with magnificent views of Marigot Bay, Le Chameau, Terre-de-Bas, Fort Napoléon, and Pompierre Beach.
Take a local fishing boat known as a Sainstoise or rent a kayak to explore the remains of Fort Joséphine on Cabrit Island. Built in 1777 atop a hill facing Fort Napoléon, this fort served as a military post, then later as a prison and quarantine center for contagious patients before being destroyed by a hurricane in 1865. Today, its ruins stand as silent witnesses to history amid stunning scenery.
Next, head to the top of Terre-de-Haut to admire the watchtower on Le Chameau, the island’s highest peak at 309 meters. From here, you’ll enjoy a spectacular 360° view — with Terre-de-Bas on one side and the Dominican coast on the other.
Visitors can also discover religious landmarks, such as the Church of Notre-Dame de l’Assomption in Terre-de-Haut, the island’s main parish church, known for its charm and local architecture. For a moment of reflection, stroll through the peaceful marine cemetery of Terre-de-Haut, facing the sea with a beautiful view of the ocean.
3. Cultural Life and Heritage Transmission in Les Saintes
The present-day inhabitants of Les Saintes are mostly of European descent, unlike those of other Caribbean islands. Discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493 and colonized by France in 1648, the islands experienced very limited slavery, as there were no large sugar plantations due to the steep terrain and lack of fresh water.
The population was mainly composed of fishermen, sailors, and artisans, forming a community with distinct cultural traits compared to other Caribbean populations.
Cultural life in Les Saintes is rooted in living traditions passed down from generation to generation — religious festivals, Creole music, and maritime craftsmanship. The collective memory is nourished by the stories of fishermen, boat builders, and colonists, preserved in daily life. This oral and communal transmission has shaped a strong island identity, where history and culture continue to blend harmoniously.
4. Practical Tips for Discovering the Historical Heritage of Les Saintes
Located about 15 kilometers southwest of Guadeloupe, Les Saintes are easily accessible by boat. Ferry crossings between Guadeloupe and Les Saintes take just about one hour, making it an ideal destination for a day trip.
Travel with the FRS Express des Îles ferry company. The boat departs from Pointe-à-Pitre at 7:30 a.m. and returns from Terre-de-Haut at 5:00 p.m. You can book a round-trip ticket from Guadeloupe to Les Saintes.
The best time to visit Les Saintes is during the dry season, from December to April/May. If you’re planning to visit during this period, make sure to book in advance to avoid any unpleasant surprises — especially during long weekends like August 15.
Conclusion
During your stay in Guadeloupe, take time to discover the rich heritage of the Les Saintes archipelago. Beyond its stunning natural beauty, the island of Terre-de-Haut offers a fascinating blend of history and culture.
Set out to explore Terre-de-Haut and Fort Napoléon on an unforgettable day trip!
Book your round-trip ferry ticket to Les Saintes with FRS Express des Îles today.
